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FWIW it seems Jellyfin has some application-specific authentication/security bugs that complicate things a bit. Of course the same concepts should generally apply, but some considerations will be different depending on what application you’re exposing.

That said, VPN would be much more manageable if I was trying to really push performance or scale out the network.

I agree with the folks saying reverse proxy of some kind + WAF. That way end users don’t have to deal with the VPN, but your home system is not directly exposed.

I’ve been doing something similar with SSH local port forwarding and a $5/month VPS. Haven’t come anywhere close to my network quotas, and performance has not been an issue for home use with 2-5 concurrent users most of the time. I forward the local caddy ports to unprivileged ports/user on the VPS, then use the firewall on the VPS to forward that port to 443 and lock down the rest.